Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of serum GP73 of primary liver cancer patients by observing its dynamic changes and to discuss the relationship between serum GP73 and indexes of the patients’ liver function, and to find out the new serological markers which could estimate the prognosis and conventional curative effect of liver cancer patients after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods ELISA method was applied to detect preoperative and postoperative GP73 levels of 50 cases with primary liver cancer patients treated by TACE. We comprehensively evaluated the patients based on TNM staging, liver imaging, AFP, Child-Pugh grading and PS (performance status) score, and then the patients were divided into worse group (27 cases) and improved group (23 cases). The relationship between dynamic changes of their serum GP73 levels and clinical outcomes was observed. The preoperative serum GP73 levels of the 50 patients with liver cancer and the indicators of their liver functions were observed, and the correlation analysis was carried out. Clinical features that may affect the GP73 levels were analyzed. Results The serum GP73 level of improved group increased obviously one week after the operation (F = 19.47, P ＜ 0.0001). One to three months after the operation, the GP73 level decreased compared with that one week after the operation (F = 32.54, P ＜ 0.0001) and was lower than the preoperative level (P = 0.0454). The serum GP73 level of worse group at one week (F = 36.7, P ＜ 0.0001) and one to three months (F = 37.2, P ＜ 0.0001) after the operation both increased, and there was no significant change between the serum GP73 level at one to three months and one week after the operation. Comparison between improved and worse group exhibited that there were no statistical differences in serum GP73 level before and one week after the operation. The serum GP73 level of improved group decreased obviously (P ＜ 0.01) compared to the worse group one week after operation. The serum GP73 was irrelevant to AFP but was negatively correlated with ALB in 50 patients  before operation. There were positive correlationships between serum GP73 and TBil, GGT, AST, ALT, respectively. The serum GP73 was related to lymph node enlargement and ascites with P being lower than 0.05. Conclusions The serum GP73 could be taken as an effective indicator monitoring the TACE therapeutic effect. It can also reflect the condition of liver function in patients with liver cancer.