Abstract: Objective To study the clinical significance of HBsAg and HBeAg quantitative detection in antiviral treatment. Methods Total of 152 patients with chronic hepatitis B selected from the author’s hospital received antiviral treatment with interferon and nucleoside analogues. After 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 52 weeks of treatment, quantitative detections of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA have been carried out so as to observe the correlation between the quantitative detection and the treatment effect. Results For the interferon treatment group: the changes of HBeAg after 12 weeks and HBeAg after 24 weeks have correlation with long-term outcome, which is of statistical significance (both P ＜ 0.05); for the nucleoside analogues treatment group: HBsAg quantitative didn’t change significantly in the course of treatment, and the changes of HBeAg after 12 weeks and 24 weeks have been found to be associated with the prognosis of the patients, which also has statistical significance (both P ＜ 0.05); HBeAg can serve as a reference index for forecasting the risk of drug resistance. Conclusions HBsAg and HBeAg are two stable and reliable biological markers; the quantitative detection can visually analyze the patients’ conditional changes, predict therapeutic response and help formulate the individualized treatment plan.