Abstract: Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and treatment of decompensation period of cirrhosis ascites complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Methods Retrospective analysis of 52 cases clinical data of decompensation period of cirrhosis ascites complicated with SBP. Results In 52 patients with cirrhotic ascites complicated with SBP, bacteria culture positive rates was 3.85%, the pathogenic bacteria was dominated by gram-negative bacillus, and most patients lack of typical symptoms and signs of peritonitis. Conclusions Timely and accurate early diagnosis and effective antibiotic treatment can obviously improve the cure rates of patients with SBP.