Abstract: Objective To investigat causes and diagnosis method of hepatocellular carcinoma that hepatitis B virus infection was treated in the process of antiviral. Methods The causes and diagnosis method was retrospective analysed of 24 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (18 cases of posthepatitic liver cirrhosis, 6 cases of chronic hepatitis B) that hepatitis B virus infection was treated in the process of antiviral. Results The hepatocellular carcinoma was more common that hepatitis B virus infection was treated in the process of antiviral. The the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma happened that hepatitis B virus infection was treated in the process of antiviral is the time of liver disease, male, poor effect of antiviral treatment (or pathogenic breakthrough), diabetes. It is often asymptomatic from liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of chronic hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma often has liver area unwell, biochemical changes, changes in the amount of the hepatitis B virus. Clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was completed with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), color doppler ultrasound, CT, and the liver pathology was implemented. Conclusions The hepatocellular carcinoma was more common that hepatitis B virus infection was treated in the process of antiviral. Raising awareness is helpful for early diagnosis of HCC.