Abstract: Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill in liver fibrosis rats, and to investigate how it work on TGF-β/smad signal pathways and hepatic stellate cell activation. Methods Total of fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a blank control group (BC group, 6 rats), a hepatic fibrosis model control group (HFC group, 22 rats), a foeniculum vulgare mill treatment group (FVMT group, 22 rats). Forty-four rats of HFC group and FVMT group were given 40% CCl4 olive oil mixture by subcutaneous injection to make hepatic fibrosis models for 5 weeks. Rats in FVMT group were given FVMT by intragastric administration, while rats in HFC group were treated with saline for weeks and then were sacrificed. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN) were detected. Histopathologic changes were observed after H.E. and Masson stainings. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. TGF-β1, smad2 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Results The level of serum ALT, AST, HA, LN and content of collagen fibers, α-SMA, TGF-βRⅠ, TGF-β1 in the liver of FVMT group rats were significantly lower than those of HFC group. The expression of TGF-β1, smad2 mRNA were higher in HFC group than those of FVMT group. Conclusions Uygur Herb foeniculum vulgare mill may reduce liver fibrosis by suppressing the activation of TGF-β/smad signal pathways and prevent the activation of hepatic stellate cell.