Abstract: Objective To investigate the etiology of patients with liver cirrhosis in hospital. Methods The etiology of patients with liver cirrhosis was conducted according to infectious disease of the liver, autoimmune liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, inherited metabolic liver disease, drug and environmental factors of liver damage, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver disease of unknown cause, using descriptive statistical analysis. Results All of 580 patients with liver cirrhosis in hospital were analysed, etiology analysis showed infectious disease of the liver (including HBV, HCV) were the most common, 64.8% patients were with the simple HBV infection, 5.3% patients were with the simple HCV infection and 10.3% patients were with the simple HBV and (or) HCV infection and other etiology. The composition ratio of the simple HBV infection appears declining trends. The 6.7% patients were with the alcoholic liver disease, 6.2% patients were with the autoimmune liver disease. Conclusions The quantity of patients with liver cirrhosis will be reduced through paying more attention to non viral liver diseases.