Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common cause of chronic hepatitis, and is divided into
acute HBV infection and chronic HBV infection. In Asian-Pacific and China, almost all subjects with HBV
infection exhibit chronic hepatitis B (CHB). CHB is a dynamic state of interaction between the virus and the
host immune system. The natural course of CHB is generally divided into three phases, namely the immune
tolerant phase, the immune clearance phase and the immune active phase. Finding the mechanism of immune
response should improve the antiviral therapy for HBV infection. Here, we reviewed the new progress of
immunology of HBV infection, including immune tolerance, immune compartmentalization, Toll-like receptor
and viral clearance.