Abstract: Recently, it has been proved that there is only one kind of hepatitis B virus RNA (HBV RNA) in the
serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)—pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), whose length is 3.5 kb. The
pgRNA is produced by covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in infected hepatocyte cells, and cccDNA is
related to the replication and infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Therefore, we concluded that the pgRNA is
associated with the activity of virus replication in patients with CHB, which is of great significance in guiding
the treatment of CHB and preventing the occurrence of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. This article aims to
make a review of HBV RNA, which concluded the source, nature, existence form and clinical significance of
HBV RNA in recent years.